From the Upanishads to Homer; Philosophy--Did the Greeks Invent It; Pythagoras and the Divinity of Number; What Is There?; The Greek Tragedians on Man's Fate; Herodotus and the Lamp of History; Socrates on the Examined Life; Plato's Search For Truth; Can Virtue Be Taught?; Plato's "Republic"--Man Writ Large; Hippocrates and the Science of Life; Aristotle on the Knowable. Aristotle on Friendship; Aristotle on the Perfect Life; Rome, the Stoics, and the Rule of Law; The Stoic Bridge to Christianity; Roman Law--Making a City of the Once-Wide World; The Light Within--Augustine on Human Nature; Islam; Secular Knowledge--The Idea of University; The Reappearance of Experimental Science; Scholasticism and the Theory of Natural Law; The Renaissance--Was There One?; Let Us Burn the Witches to Save Them. Francis Bacon and the Authority of Experience; Descartes and the Authority of Reason; Newton--The Saint of Science; Hobbes and the Social Machine; Locke's Newtonian Science of the Mind; No matter? The Challenge of Materialism; Hume and the Pursuit of Happiness; Thomas Reid and the Scottish School; France and the Philosophes; "The Federalist Papers" and the Great Experiment; What is Enlightenment? Kant on Freedom; Moral Science and the Natural World. Phrenology--A Science of the Mind; The Idea of Freedom; The Hegelians and History; The Aesthetic Movement--Genius; Nietzsche at the Twilight; The Liberal Tradition--J.S. Mill; Darwin and Nature's "Purposes"; Marxism--Dead But Not Forgotten; The Freudian World; The Radical William James; William James' Pragmatism; Wittgenstein and the Discursive Turn. Alan Turing in the Forest of Wisdom; Four Theories of the Good Life; Ontology--What There "Really" Is; Philosophy of Science--The Last Word?; Philosophy of Psychology and Related Confusions; Philosophy of Mind, If There Is One; What makes a Problem "Moral"; Medicine and the Value of Life; On the Nature of Law; Justice and Just Wars; Aesthetics--Beauty Without Observers; God--Really?